Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2)
2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA coronavirus. The virus is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is contagious through human-to-human transmission. It is implicated in the ongoing 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak, a public health emergency of international concern. Because of this connection, the virus is sometimes referred to informally with multiple nicknames, including the Wuhan coronavirus or Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus.
"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia
We modelled the full 2019-nCoV proteome based on the NCBI reference sequence NC_045512 which is identical to GenBank entry MN908947, and annotations from UniProt. The underlying SWISS-MODEL workspace projects are accessible below and, as a collaborative effort, new models exploring alternative templates or conformational states can be built by anyone. Our colleagues at the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics provide more resources on the 2019-nCoV genome on ViralZone or allow to track the current outbreak on Nextstrain. Several 2019-nCoV proteins reportedly interact in hetero-oligomeric complexes for which we also provide models in a dedicated hetero section. But be aware: the result of any theoretical modelling procedure is NON-EXPERIMENTAL and must be considered with care as models may contain significant errors. To this end SWISS-MODEL provides quality metrics which are described in the help section. The provided modelling projects are based on a version of the SWISS-MODEL template library which has last been updated on February 5th and will be updated as new templates become available.| Reference | Mature Protein | Description & Available Models | ||||||||
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YP_009725297.1MESLVPGFNEKTHVQLSLPVLQVRDVLVRGFGDSVEEVLSEARQHLKDGTCGLVEVEKGV LPQLEQPYVFIKRSDARTAPHGHVMVELVAELEGIQYGRSGETLGVLVPHVGEIPVAYRK VLLRKNGNKGAGGHSYGADLKSFDLGDELGTDPYEDFQENWNTKHSSGVTRELMRELNGG | Host translation Inhibitor nsp1 (nsp1): Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response. Model quality estimates are low - use with care.  | |||||||||
YP_009725298.1AYTRYVDNNFCGPDGYPLECIKDLLARAGKASCTLSEQLDFIDTKRGVYCCREHEHEIAW YTERSEKSYELQTPFEIKLAKKFDTFNGECPNFVFPLNSIIKTIQPRVEKKKLDGFMGRI RSVYPVASPNECNQMCLSTLMKCDHCGETSWQTGDFVKATCEFCGTENLTKEGATTCGYL PQNAVVKIYCPACHNSEVGPEHSLAEYHNESGLKTILRKGGRTIAFGGCVFSYVGCHNKC AYWVPRASANIGCNHTGVVGEGSEGLNDNLLEILQKEKVNINIVGDFKLNEEIAIILASF SASTSAFVETVKGLDYKAFKQIVESCGNFKVTKGKAKKGAWNIGEQKSILSPLYAFASEA ARVVRSIFSRTLETAQNSVRVLQKAAITILDGISQYSLRLIDAMMFTSDLATNNLVVMAY ITGGVVQLTSQWLTNIFGTVYEKLKPVLDWLEEKFKEGVEFLRDGWEIVKFISTCACEIV GGQIVTCAKEIKESVQTFFKLVNKFLALCADSIIIGGAKLKALNLGETFVTHSKGLYRKC VKSREETGLLMPLKAPKEIIFLEGETLPTEVLTEEVVLKTGDLQPLEQPTSEAVEAPLVG TPVCINGLMLLEIKDTEKYCALAPNMMVTNNTFTLKGG | Non-structural protein 2 (nsp2): May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses. Only remote homologues were identified as potential template structures, limiting the expected quality of the models. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
YP_009725299.1APTKVTFGDDTVIEVQGYKSVNITFELDERIDKVLNEKCSAYTVELGTEVNEFACVVADA VIKTLQPVSELLTPLGIDLDEWSMATYYLFDESGEFKLASHMYCSFYPPDEDEEEGDCEE EEFEPSTQYEYGTEDDYQGKPLEFGATSAALQPEEEQEEDWLDDDSQQTVGQQDGSEDNQ TTTIQTIVEVQPQLEMELTPVVQTIEVNSFSGYLKLTDNVYIKNADIVEEAKKVKPTVVV NAANVYLKHGGGVAGALNKATNNAMQVESDDYIATNGPLKVGGSCVLSGHNLAKHCLHVV GPNVNKGEDIQLLKSAYENFNQHEVLLAPLLSAGIFGADPIHSLRVCVDTVRTNVYLAVF DKNLYDKLVSSFLEMKSEKQVEQKIAEIPKEEVKPFITESKPSVEQRKQDDKKIKACVEE VTTTLEETKFLTENLLLYIDINGNLHPDSATLVSDIDITFLKKDAPYIVGDVVQEGVLTA VVIPTKKAGGTTEMLAKALRKVPTDNYITTYPGQGLNGYTVEEAKTVLKKCKSAFYILPS IISNEKQEILGTVSWNLREMLAHAEETRKLMPVCVETKAIVSTIQRKYKGIKIQEGVVDY GARFYFYTSKTTVASLINTLNDLNETLVTMPLGYVTHGLNLEEAARYMRSLKVPATVSVS SPDAVTAYNGYLTSSSKTPEEHFIETISLAGSYKDWSYSGQSTQLGIEFLKRGDKSVYYT SNPTTFHLDGEVITFDNLKTLLSLREVRTIKVFTTVDNINLHTQVVDMSMTYGQQFGPTY LDGADVTKIKPHNSHEGKTFYVLPNDDTLRVEAFEYYHTTDPSFLGRYMSALNHTKKWKY PQVNGLTSIKWADNNCYLATALLTLQQIELKFNPPALQDAYYRARAGEAANFCALILAYC NKTVGELGDVRETMSYLFQHANLDSCKRVLNVVCKTCGQQQTTLKGVEAVMYMGTLSYEQ FKKGVQIPCTCGKQATKYLVQQESPFVMMSAPPAQYELKHGTFTCASEYTGNYQCGHYKH ITSKETLYCIDGALLTKSSEYKGPITDVFYKENSYTTTIKPVTYKLDGVVCTEIDPKLDN YYKKDNSYFTEQPIDLVPNQPYPNASFDNFKFVCDNIKFADDLNQLTGYKKPASRELKVT FFPDLNGDVVAIDYKHYTPSFKKGAKLLHKPIVWHVNNATNKATYKPNTWCIRCLWSTKP VETSNSFDVLKSEDAQGMDNLACEDLKPVSEEVVENPTIQKDVLECNVKTTEVVGDIILK PANNSLKITEEVGHTDLMAAYVDNSSLTIKKPNELSRVLGLKTLATHGLAAVNSVPWDTI ANYAKPFLNKVVSTTTNIVTRCLNRVCTNYMPYFFTLLLQLCTFTRSTNSRIKASMPTTI AKNTVKSVGKFCLEASFNYLKSPNFSKLINIIIWFLLLSVCLGSLIYSTAALGVLMSNLG MPSYCTGYREGYLNSTNVTIATYCTGSIPCSVCLSGLDSLDTYPSLETIQITISSFKWDL TAFGLVAEWFLAYILFTRFFYVLGLAAIMQLFFSYFAVHFISNSWLMWLIINLVQMAPIS AMVRMYIFFASFYYVWKSYVHVVDGCNSSTCMMCYKRNRATRVECTTIVNGVRRSFYVYA NGGKGFCKLHNWNCVNCDTFCAGSTFISDEVARDLSLQFKRPINPTDQSSYIVDSVTVKN GSIHLYFDKAGQKTYERHSLSHFVNLDNLRANNTKGSLPINVIVFDGKSKCEESSAKSAS VYYSQLMCQPILLLDQALVSDVGDSAEVAVKMFDAYVNTFSSTFNVPMEKLKTLVATAEA ELAKNVSLDNVLSTFISAARQGFVDSDVETKDVVECLKLSHQSDIEVTGDSCNNYMLTYN KVENMTPRDLGACIDCSARHINAQVAKSHNIALIWNVKDFMSLSEQLRKQIRSAAKKNNL PFKLTCATTRQVVNVVTTKIALKGG | Papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO):
Responsible for the cleavages
located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition,
PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes
both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular
substrates. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally
induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral
replication. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon
by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear
translocation of host IRF3. Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling. Several domains are covered by high quality models.       | |||||||||
YP_009725300.1KIVNNWLKQLIKVTLVFLFVAAIFYLITPVHVMSKHTDFSSEIIGYKAIDGGVTRDIAST DTCFANKHADFDTWFSQRGGSYTNDKACPLIAAVITREVGFVVPGLPGTILRTTNGDFLH FLPRVFSAVGNICYTPSKLIEYTDFATSACVLAAECTIFKDASGKPVPYCYDTNVLEGSV AYESLRPDTRYVLMDGSIIQFPNTYLEGSVRVVTTFDSEYCRHGTCERSEAGVCVSTSGR WVLNNDYYRSLPGVFCGVDAVNLLTNMFTPLIQPIGALDISASIVAGGIVAIVVTCLAYY FMRFRRAFGEYSHVVAFNTLLFLMSFTVLCLTPVYSFLPGVYSVIYLYLTFYLTNDVSFL AHIQWMVMFTPLVPFWITIAYIICISTKHFYWFFSNYLKRRVVFNGVSFSTFEEAALCTF LLNKEMYLKLRSDVLLPLTQYNRYLALYNKYKYFSGAMDTTSYREAACCHLAKALNDFSN SGSDVLYQPPQTSITSAVLQ | Non-structural protein 4 (nsp4):
Participates in the assembly of
virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for
viral replication. High quality models are available for the C-terminus which we predict to be a homo-dimer.  | |||||||||
YP_009725301.1SGFRKMAFPSGKVEGCMVQVTCGTTTLNGLWLDDVVYCPRHVICTSEDMLNPNYEDLLIR KSNHNFLVQAGNVQLRVIGHSMQNCVLKLKVDTANPKTPKYKFVRIQPGQTFSVLACYNG SPSGVYQCAMRPNFTIKGSFLNGSCGSVGFNIDYDCVSFCYMHHMELPTGVHAGTDLEGN FYGPFVDRQTAQAAGTDTTITVNVLAWLYAAVINGDRWFLNRFTTTLNDFNLVAMKYNYE PLTQDHVDILGPLSAQTGIAVLDMCASLKELLQNGMNGRTILGSALLEDEFTPFDVVRQC SGVTFQ | 3C-like proteinase (3CL-PRO):
Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase
polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core
sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-
phosphate (ADRP). Experimental structure (PDB 6lu7) and several high quality models are available.    | |||||||||
YP_009725302.1SAVKRTIKGTHHWLLLTILTSLLVLVQSTQWSLFFFLYENAFLPFAMGIIAMSAFAMMFV KHKHAFLCLFLLPSLATVAYFNMVYMPASWVMRIMTWLDMVDTSLSGFKLKDCVMYASAV VLLILMTARTVYDDGARRVWTLMNVLTLVYKVYYGNALDQAISMWALIISVTSNYSGVVT TVMFLARGIVFMCVEYCPIFFITGNTLQCIMLVYCFLGYFCTCYFGLFCLLNRYFRLTLG VYDYLVSTQEFRYMNSQGLLPPKNSIDAFKLNIKLLGVGGKPCIKVATVQ | Non-structural protein 6 (nsp6): Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes. Only remote homologues were identified as potential template structures, limiting the expected quality of the models. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
YP_009725303.1SKMSDVKCTSVVLLSVLQQLRVESSSKLWAQCVQLHNDILLAKDTTEAFEKMVSLLSVLL SMQGAVDINKLCEEMLDNRATLQ | Non-structural protein 7 (nsp7): Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers. Monomer models may not be biologically relevant as nsp7 forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 - see hetero section below.   | |||||||||
YP_009725304.1AIASEFSSLPSYAAFATAQEAYEQAVANGDSEVVLKKLKKSLNVAKSEFDRDAAMQRKLE KMADQAMTQMYKQARSEDKRAKVTSAMQTMLFTMLRKLDNDALNNIINNARDGCVPLNII PLTTAAKLMVVIPDYNTYKNTCDGTTFTYASALWEIQQVVDADSKIVQLSEISMDNSPNL AWPLIVTALRANSAVKLQ | Non-structural protein 8 (nsp8):
Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each)
that may participate in viral replication by acting
as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer
products than oligonucleotide primers. Monomer models may not be biologically relevant as nsp8 forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 - see hetero section below.   | |||||||||
YP_009725305.1NNELSPVALRQMSCAAGTTQTACTDDNALAYYNTTKGGRFVLALLSDLQDLKWARFPKSD GTGTIYTELEPPCRFVTDTPKGPKVKYLYFIKGLNNLNRGMVLGSLAATVRLQ | Non-structural protein 9 (nsp9):
May participate in viral
replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein. High quality models are available which we predict to be homo-dimers.    | |||||||||
YP_009725306.1AGNATEVPANSTVLSFCAFAVDAAKAYKDYLASGGQPITNCVKMLCTHTGTGQAITVTPE ANMDQESFGGASCCLYCRCHIDHPNPKGFCDLKGKYVQIPTTCANDPVGFTLKNTVCTVC GMWKGYGCSCDQLREPMLQ | Non-structural protein 10 (nsp10): Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation. High quality models are available. Hetero-oligomeric complexes with both, nsp14 and nsp16, are available in hetero section.    | |||||||||
YP_009725307.1SADAQSFLNRVCGVSAARLTPCGTGTSTDVVYRAFDIYNDKVAGFAKFLKTNCCRFQEKD EDDNLIDSYFVVKRHTFSNYQHEETIYNLLKDCPAVAKHDFFKFRIDGDMVPHISRQRLT KYTMADLVYALRHFDEGNCDTLKEILVTYNCCDDDYFNKKDWYDFVENPDILRVYANLGE RVRQALLKTVQFCDAMRNAGIVGVLTLDNQDLNGNWYDFGDFIQTTPGSGVPVVDSYYSL LMPILTLTRALTAESHVDTDLTKPYIKWDLLKYDFTEERLKLFDRYFKYWDQTYHPNCVN CLDDRCILHCANFNVLFSTVFPPTSFGPLVRKIFVDGVPFVVSTGYHFRELGVVHNQDVN LHSSRLSFKELLVYAADPAMHAASGNLLLDKRTTCFSVAALTNNVAFQTVKPGNFNKDFY DFAVSKGFFKEGSSVELKHFFFAQDGNAAISDYDYYRYNLPTMCDIRQLLFVVEVVDKYF DCYDGGCINANQVIVNNLDKSAGFPFNKWGKARLYYDSMSYEDQDALFAYTKRNVIPTIT QMNLKYAISAKNRARTVAGVSICSTMTNRQFHQKLLKSIAATRGATVVIGTSKFYGGWHN MLKTVYSDVENPHLMGWDYPKCDRAMPNMLRIMASLVLARKHTTCCSLSHRFYRLANECA QVLSEMVMCGGSLYVKPGGTSSGDATTAYANSVFNICQAVTANVNALLSTDGNKIADKYV RNLQHRLYECLYRNRDVDTDFVNEFYAYLRKHFSMMILSDDAVVCFNSTYASQGLVASIK NFKSVLYYQNNVFMSEAKCWTETDLTKGPHEFCSQHTMLVKQGDDYVYLPYPDPSRILGA GCFVDDIVKTDGTLMIERFVSLAIDAYPLTKHPNQEYADVFHLYLQYIRKLHDELTGHML DMYSVMLTNDNTSRYWEPEFYEAMYTPHTVLQ | RNA-directed RNA polymerase (Pol/RdRp):
Responsible for replication
and transcription of the viral RNA genome. High quality models are available.  | |||||||||
YP_009725308.1AVGACVLCNSQTSLRCGACIRRPFLCCKCCYDHVISTSHKLVLSVNPYVCNAPGCDVTDV TQLYLGGMSYYCKSHKPPISFPLCANGQVFGLYKNTCVGSDNVTDFNAIATCDWTNAGDY ILANTCTERLKLFAAETLKATEETFKLSYGIATVREVLSDRELHLSWEVGKPRPPLNRNY VFTGYRVTKNSKVQIGEYTFEKGDYGDAVVYRGTTTYKLNVGDYFVLTSHTVMPLSAPTL VPQEHYVRITGLYPTLNISDEFSSNVANYQKVGMQKYSTLQGPPGTGKSHFAIGLALYYP SARIVYTACSHAAVDALCEKALKYLPIDKCSRIIPARARVECFDKFKVNSTLEQYVFCTV NALPETTADIVVFDEISMATNYDLSVVNARLRAKHYVYIGDPAQLPAPRTLLTKGTLEPE YFNSVCRLMKTIGPDMFLGTCRRCPAEIVDTVSALVYDNKLKAHKDKSAQCFKMFYKGVI THDVSSAINRPQIGVVREFLTRNPAWRKAVFISPYNSQNAVASKILGLPTQTVDSSQGSE YDYVIFTQTTETAHSCNVNRFNVAITRAKVGILCIMSDRDLYDKLQFTSLEIPRRNVATL Q | Helicase (Hel):
Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding
domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities
with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium. High quality models are available.  | |||||||||
YP_009725309.1AENVTGLFKDCSKVITGLHPTQAPTHLSVDTKFKTEGLCVDIPGIPKDMTYRRLISMMGF KMNYQVNGYPNMFITREEAIRHVRAWIGFDVEGCHATREAVGTNLPLQLGFSTGVNLVAV PTGYVDTPNNTDFSRVSAKPPPGDQFKHLIPLMYKGLPWNVVRIKIVQMLSDTLKNLSDR VVFVLWAHGFELTSMKYFVKIGPERTCCLCDRRATCFSTASDTYACWHHSIGFDYVYNPF MIDVQQWGFTGNLQSNHDLYCQVHGNAHVASCDAIMTRCLAVHECFVKRVDWTIEYPIIG DELKINAACRKVQHMVVKAALLADKFPVLHDIGNPKAIKCVPQADVEWKFYDAQPCSDKA YKIEELFYSYATHSDKFTDGVCLFWNCNVDRYPANSIVCRFDTRVLSNLNLPGCDGGSLY VNKHAFHTPAFDKSAFVNLKQLPFFYYSDSPCESHGKQVVSDIDYVPLKSATCITRCNLG GAVCRHHANEYRLYLDAYNMMISAGFSLWVYKQFDTYNLWNTFTRLQ | Guanine-N7 methyltransferase (ExoN/nsp14):
Enzyme possessing two
different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA
and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase
activity. High quality models are available. Hetero-oligomeric complex with nsp10 is available in hetero section.    | |||||||||
YP_009725310.1SLENVAFNVVNKGHFDGQQGEVPVSIINNTVYTKVDGVDVELFENKTTLPVNVAFELWAK RNIKPVPEVKILNNLGVDIAANTVIWDYKRDAPAHISTIGVCSMTDIAKKPTETICAPLT VFFDGRVDGQVDLFRNARNGVLITEGSVKGLQPSVGPKQASLNGVTLIGEAVKTQFNYYK KVDGVVQQLPETYFTQSRNLQEFKPRSQMEIDFLELAMDEFIERYKLEGYAFEHIVYGDF SHSQLGGLHLLIGLAKRFKESPFELEDFIPMDSTVKNYFITDAQTGSSKCVCSVIDLLLD DFVEIIKSQDLSVVSKVVKVTIDYTEISFMLWCKDGHVETFYPKLQ | Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU/nsp15):
Mn(2+)-dependent,
uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to
the cleaved bond. High quality models are available. We predict homo-tetramer to be the most likely oligomeric state.    | |||||||||
YP_009725311.1SSQAWQPGVAMPNLYKMQRMLLEKCDLQNYGDSATLPKGIMMNVAKYTQLCQYLNTLTLA VPYNMRVIHFGAGSDKGVAPGTAVLRQWLPTGTLLVDSDLNDFVSDADSTLIGDCATVHT ANKWDLIISDMYDPKTKNVTKENDSKEGFFTYICGFIQQKLALGGSVAIKITEHSWNADL YKLMGHFAWWTAFVTNVNASSSEAFLIGCNYLGKPREQIDGYVMHANYIFWRNTNPIQLS SYSLFDMSKFPLKLRGTAVMSLKEGQINDMILSLLSKGRLIIRENNRVVISSDVLVNN | 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16):
Methyltransferase that mediates
mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral
mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16.
Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which
is essential to evade immune system. High quality models are available. Hetero-oligomeric complex with nsp10 is available in hetero section.    | |||||||||
| Spike glycoprotein (S glycoprotein): Spike protein S1 attaches the virion to the cell membrane
by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to
human ACE2 and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR receptors and internalization of the
virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational
changes in the S glycoprotein. Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask
the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within
endosomes.
Spike protein S2 mediates fusion of the virion and
cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under
the current model, the protein has at least three conformational
states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and
post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane
fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-
hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity
to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this
structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral
and target cell membranes.
Spike protein S2' Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is
unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis. High quality models are available which are predicted to be homo-trimers. Hetero-oligomeric complex with ACE2_HUMAN is available in hetero section.    | |||||||||
| Protein 3a: Forms homotetrameric potassium sensitive ion channels (viroporin) and may modulate virus release. Up-regulates expression of fibrinogen subunits FGA, FGB and FGG in host lung epithelial cells. Induces apoptosis in cell culture. Downregulates the type 1 interferon receptor by inducing serine phosphorylation within the IFN alpha- receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) degradation motif and increasing IFNAR1 ubiquitination. Only remote homologues were identified as potential template structures, limiting the expected quality of the models. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
| Envelope small membrane protein (E protein): Plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly. Acts as a viroporin and self-assembles in host membranes forming pentameric protein-lipid pores that allow ion transport. Also plays a role in the induction of apoptosis. Model quality estimates are low - use with care. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
| Membrane Protein (M protein): Component of the viral envelope that plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly via its interactions with other viral proteins. Only remote homologues were identified as potential template structures, limiting the expected quality of the models. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
| Non-structural protein 6 (ns6): Could be a determinant of virus virulence, since, when expressed in an otherwise attenuated JHM strain of murine coronavirus, it can dramatically increase the lethality of the latter. Seems to stimulate cellular DNA synthesis in vitro. Only remote homologues were identified as potential template structures, limiting the expected quality of the models. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
| Protein 7a: Non-structural protein which is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture. High quality models are available.   | |||||||||
| Protein non-structural 7b (ns7b) No homologues were identified as potential template structures for modelling. See here for template search results. | |||||||||
| Protein non-structural 8 (ns8): May play a role in host-virus interaction. Only remote homologues were identified as potential template structures, limiting the expected quality of the models. See here for available low quality models. | |||||||||
| Nucleoprotein (NC): Packages the positive strand viral genome RNA into a helical ribonucleocapsid (RNP) and plays a fundamental role during virion assembly through its interactions with the viral genome and membrane protein M. Plays an important role in enhancing the efficiency of subgenomic viral RNA transcription as well as viral replication. High quality models are available.   | |||||||||
| ORF10 protein No homologues were identified as potential template structures for modelling. See here for template search results. | |||||||||
Hetero-Oligomeric Complexes
Show sequences| Mature Proteins | Description & Available Models | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nsp7 / nsp8 hetero-oligomeric complex: Nsp7-nsp8 hexadecamer may possibly confer processivity to the polymerase, maybe by binding to dsRNA or by producing primers utilized by the latter. High quality models are available  | ||||
| nsp10 / nsp14 hetero-oligomeric complex: Nsp10 plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity. High quality models are available  | ||||
| nsp10 / nsp16 hetero-oligomeric complex: Nsp10 plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating nsp16 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase activity. High quality models are available  | ||||
| Spike glycoprotein / HUMAN_ACE2 hetero-oligomeric complex: Spike protein S1 binds to human ACE2, initiating the infection. Experimental structure (publication for PDB 6VSB) and several high quality models are available.   | ||||